Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord

Spinal cord injuries can result from both traumatic and non-traumatic factors. The severity and impact of an SCI depend on the nature and location of the damage, with higher injuries generally leading to more extensive loss of function.

Traumatic Causes

• Motor Vehicle Accidents: Collisions involving cars, motorcycles, and bicycles are among the leading causes of traumatic spinal cord injuries.

• Falls: Falls, especially in older adults, are a significant contributor to spinal cord injuries.

• Acts of Violence: Gunshot wounds, stabbings, and other forms of assault can lead to penetrating injuries that damage the spinal cord.

• Sports and Recreation Injuries: High-impact sports, diving into shallow water, or engaging in activities without proper safety measures can result in spinal cord injuries.

• Sudden, Forceful Movements: Severe twists or violent blows to the spine can fracture, dislocate, or compress the vertebrae, damaging the spinal cord.

• Electrocution: Electrical shocks passing through or near the spinal cord can cause serious injuries.

Non-Traumatic Causes

• Diseases:

  • Cancer: Tumors, whether spinal or metastatic, can exert pressure on or invade the spinal cord, leading to injury.

  • Arthritis: Conditions like arthritis can cause spinal stenosis, narrowing the spinal canal and increasing the risk of spinal cord damage.

  • Infections: Spinal epidural abscesses or osteomyelitis may lead to cord compression, vascular occlusion, or instability, causing injury to the spinal cord.

  • Inflammation: Inflammation of the spinal cord, known as myelitis, can result in damage and functional impairment.

  • Degenerative Disc Disease: The deterioration of spinal discs can lead to pressure on the spinal cord.

• Medical or Surgical Complications: Medical errors or complications arising from procedures involving the spine can inadvertently cause spinal cord injuries.

• Congenital Spinal Conditions: Birth defects, such as spina bifida, can cause damage to the spinal cord.

• Cysts: Fluid-filled cavities, known as syringomyelia, within the spinal cord can lead to damage and functional loss.

• Ischemia: A reduction in blood flow to the spinal cord can result in cell damage and loss of function.

Important Note

The extent of spinal cord injury and its impact on function depend on both the degree of damage and its location along the spinal cord. Injuries higher in the spine generally result in more widespread loss of function.

Spinal cord injuries can result in a variety of symptoms, which include:

• Weakness or paralysis

• Numbness or tingling sensations

• Loss of bowel or bladder control

• Pain or discomfort

• Spasticity (muscle stiffness or spasms)

• Difficulty breathing (especially with higher injuries)

• Problems with balance and walking

• Changes in sexual function

These symptoms can vary depending on the severity and location of the injury.

Emergency Symptoms After a Spinal Cord Injury
If a spinal cord injury is suspected, it is crucial to seek immediate medical assistance. Emergency symptoms can include:

• Severe back pain

• Weakness or loss of control in any part of the body

• Numbness or loss of sensation

• Loss of bladder or bowel control

• Trouble with balance or walking

• Difficulty breathing

• Twisted neck or back

These signs require prompt action, so don’t delay in seeking professional care.

Important Considerations
Not all symptoms may be apparent right away. Numbness or paralysis can develop either suddenly or gradually, and it’s important to remain cautious. Always assume a spinal injury in cases of head or neck trauma until proven otherwise. Anyone with a head or neck injury should undergo immediate medical evaluation. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical in minimizing further damage to the spinal cord and improving recovery chances.

Diagnosing a spinal cord injury involves a comprehensive approach that includes reviewing medical history, performing a physical examination, and conducting various diagnostic tests.

Initial Assessment

• Medical History: The physician will gather detailed information about the injury, including how it occurred, when it happened, and whether there are any pre-existing conditions.

• Physical Examination: A detailed exam will assess neurological function, including strength, sensation, and reflexes. This helps determine the injury’s location and severity.

• Anal Muscle Test: This test checks if the injury affects the base of the spine.

Imaging Studies

• X-rays: X-rays are useful for identifying fractures or misalignments in the spine, although they may not show damage to the spinal cord or ligaments.

• CT Scans: A CT scan provides more detailed images of the bones and surrounding tissues, helping identify fractures, dislocations, or spinal stenosis.

• MRI Scans: MRI is considered the gold standard for visualizing the spinal cord and surrounding soft tissues, such as ligaments, discs, or any bleeding.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-altering condition that often results in permanent neurological impairments and paralysis. While traditional treatments such as surgery and rehabilitation provide limited recovery, stem cell therapy is emerging as a promising option to aid functional recovery.

How Stem Cells Can Help

Stem cells offer significant potential for treating SCI due to their unique properties, including:

• Cell Replacement: Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into various types of cells, such as neurons and glial cells, potentially replacing the damaged or lost cells caused by the injury.

• Regeneration Support: Stem cells help create new connections between nerve cells (known as axonal sprouting), which can enhance nerve conduction speed and promote recovery.

• Immune Response Modulation: Certain stem cell types can modulate the immune system, reducing inflammation and providing a better environment for nerve regeneration.

• Angiogenesis Promotion: Stem cells can stimulate the growth of new blood vessels, improving blood flow to the injured area and aiding tissue repair.

• Trophic Support: Stem cells secrete growth factors and other substances that nourish and protect nerve cells, enhancing overall recovery.

Types of Stem Cells Investigated for SCI Treatment

Several stem cell types are under investigation for SCI treatment, each with its own set of benefits and challenges:

• Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs): These cells, found in various adult tissues, have immunomodulatory properties and secrete growth factors. MSCs are easy to isolate, expand, and have a low risk of immune rejection and tumor formation. However, their potential for differentiation is limited.

• Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells (NSPCs): NSPCs can differentiate into neural cells and have shown potential in preclinical studies, offering promise for SCI treatment.

• Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs): ESCs are pluripotent, meaning they can develop into any cell type, making them ideal for replacing damaged cells. However, their use raises ethical concerns, and they carry a risk of tumor formation.

• Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs): Created by reprogramming adult cells, iPSCs offer the benefit of avoiding the ethical dilemmas associated with ESCs. Nonetheless, they share a risk of tumor formation and potential genetic abnormalities.

Many clinical trials are currently investigating stem cell therapies for spinal cord injury (SCI). Although some positive outcomes have been observed, no universally accepted breakthroughs have been achieved. One study reported notable recovery in neurological function among participants, but it emphasized the challenge of definitively linking these improvements to stem cell therapy rather than natural healing. Patients are advised to consult with medical professionals before considering participation in clinical trials.

Where Can I Get Stem Cell Treatment for Spinal Cord Injury?

If you’re looking for specialized stem cell treatment for spinal cord injuries, several reputable hospitals and clinics around the world offer advanced therapies. In India, renowned centers like Viezec provide state-of-the-art stem cell treatments for spinal cord injuries, with experienced doctors and cutting-edge technology. These centers offer personalized treatment plans aimed at improving mobility and function in individuals with spinal cord injuries. By choosing a trusted facility, patients can access the latest regenerative therapies designed to support healing and enhance quality of life.

How Successful is Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury?

Stem cell therapy for spinal cord injuries holds promising potential in improving recovery and functionality, though its success varies depending on individual cases. Clinical studies show that stem cells can help repair damaged spinal cord tissue, reduce inflammation, and promote neural regeneration. While the therapy is still under active research, many patients have reported significant improvements in motor function and sensation. At top treatment centers like Viezec, stem cell therapy is tailored to meet each patient’s specific needs, offering hope for enhanced recovery and a better quality of life for those with spinal cord injuries.

Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury Cost: What to Expect?

The cost of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury can vary depending on the treatment center, location, and the complexity of the case. In India, renowned hospitals like Viezec offer high-quality stem cell therapy at a fraction of the cost compared to Western countries, providing an affordable option for patients seeking cutting-edge treatment. On average, patients can expect to pay significantly less, while still receiving world-class care. It’s important to consult with medical professionals to get an accurate estimate based on individual treatment plans and additional medical requirements.

Stem cell therapy shows significant promise in treating spinal cord injuries (SCI) by fostering regeneration and possibly restoring function. However, the effectiveness of the treatment largely depends on the successful delivery of stem cells to the injury site. Here are the main methods under investigation:

1. Intravenous Injection
   This method is the least invasive but may not be as effective in ensuring that stem cells reach the injured spinal cord. Some studies suggest that intravenous stem cell infusion could have broader impacts on the central nervous system, potentially benefiting the brain and blood vessels as well.

2. Intrathecal Injection
   Stem cells are delivered directly into the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord. This method allows better access to the injury site compared to intravenous injection, although it is less invasive than intramedullary injection. However, intrathecal injections may carry risks, including cerebrospinal fluid leakage and headaches.

3. Intramedullary Injection
   This technique involves injecting stem cells directly into the spinal cord tissue at the site of injury. It offers a more targeted, high-volume approach to cell delivery, maximizing the potential for cell survival and integration. However, it is the most invasive method, associated with higher surgical risks.

4. Other Delivery Methods

   • Intranasal Delivery: Some trials have explored the possibility of delivering stem cells through the nasal passage, offering a non-invasive alternative to more direct methods, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

   • Perilesional Delivery: Injections around the injury site have been studied for their potential to create a more favorable environment for regeneration, as reported by the NIH.

   • Bioengineered Delivery Systems: Researchers are working on advanced methods that combine stem cells with biocompatible materials like hydrogels, chitosan, and microspheres. These innovative systems aim to improve the delivery, survival, and integration of stem cells in the spinal cord.

Important Considerations for Choosing the Right Delivery Method

• Type of Stem Cell: Different types of stem cells may have distinct requirements for effective delivery and integration.

• Timing of Transplantation: The ideal timing for stem cell transplantation can vary based on the injury type and the stem cell used.

• Severity and Location of Injury: For severe injuries or targeting specific areas, more invasive methods might be required to ensure proper stem cell delivery.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to severe neurological impairment and disability. While traditional treatments primarily focus on symptom management and rehabilitation, stem cell therapy presents a promising alternative aimed at promoting the regeneration and repair of damaged spinal cord tissue.

Stem cell therapy works through several mechanisms to improve outcomes after SCI:

• Tissue Repair and Replacement: Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into neurons and glial cells, essential components of the spinal cord. These new cells may replace damaged tissues, restoring nerve conduction and improving function.

• Inflammation Modulation: Stem cell transplantation can reduce inflammation at the injury site by downregulating inflammatory genes and boosting the expression of neuroprotective genes, which helps protect spinal neurons from secondary damage.

• Angiogenesis Promotion: Stem cells support the formation of new blood vessels, which are crucial for tissue repair and the regeneration of nerve tissue.

• Neurotrophic Effects: Stem cells release neurotrophic factors that aid in the survival and regeneration of host neurons, enhancing the body’s natural repair processes.

• Axon Regeneration and Myelination: Stem cells can encourage axon regeneration and the remyelination of damaged axons, which is vital for restoring nerve signal transmission.

Potential Benefits of Stem Cell Therapy for SCI

Research and clinical trials have shown promising results for stem cell therapy in SCI, including:

• Recovery of Motor and Sensory Function: Some patients have experienced improvements in voluntary movement, trunk control, muscle strength, and pinprick sensation. Studies using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale have indicated that many patients experience at least one grade of improvement.

• Improved Bladder and Bowel Function: Stem cell therapy has shown potential in enhancing bladder control and bowel regulation for some SCI patients.

• Reduction in Neuropathic Pain: Many patients report a decrease in neuropathic pain following stem cell treatment.

• Better Quality of Life: Overall, stem cell therapy has been associated with significant improvements in daily activities and quality of life for SCI patients.

Key Considerations

• Early Research Phase: Stem cell therapy for SCI is still in its early stages of clinical translation. More research and long-term, large-scale trials are necessary to validate its effectiveness.

• Variable Outcomes: The degree of recovery varies depending on factors such as injury severity, the type of stem cells used, the timing of treatment, and individual responses.

• Safety Concerns: The potential risks and side effects must be closely monitored and addressed throughout treatment.

• Complementary Therapies: Combining stem cell therapy with other advanced treatments like Epidural Stimulation, biomaterials, growth factors, or rehabilitation could further enhance its therapeutic benefits.

• Managing Expectations: It’s crucial for patients to approach stem cell therapy with realistic expectations. While the therapy is promising, it is not a guaranteed cure but may lead to meaningful improvements.

As stem cell technology continues to advance and undergoes rigorous clinical validation, it holds the potential to offer significant benefits for individuals living with spinal cord injuries.

• Cell Replacement: Stem cells can differentiate into various cell types, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, potentially replacing lost cells and restoring damaged neural pathways.
• Neuroprotection: Stem cells can secrete factors that protect existing neurons from further damage and support their survival.
• Axonal Regeneration and Remyelination: Stem cells can promote the growth of damaged axons and remyelination of nerve fibers, improving signal transmission.
• Immunomodulation and Reduced Inflammation: Some stem cells, particularly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), possess immunomodulatory properties and secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10 and TGF-β, which reduce the excessive inflammatory response that hinders healing after SCI.
• Angiogenesis: Stem cells can stimulate the formation of new blood vessels, improving the blood supply to the injured area and promoting healing.
• Glial Scar Modulation: Stem cells can secrete factors that modify the inhibitory environment created by glial scarring, allowing for better axonal regeneration.

Statistics Of Overall Improvement of Spinal Cord Through Stem Cell Therapy

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Stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI) presents a promising avenue for overcoming the limitations of traditional treatments, offering potential for neural repair and regeneration. Although still in the early stages of widespread application and requiring further high-quality research, including randomized controlled trials, initial clinical studies and patient reports provide encouraging insights, especially for those with incomplete injuries. Here’s a breakdown of the reported treatment outcomes:

1. Improved Neurological Function

• Sensory Improvements: Clinical trials and patient reports have shown measurable improvements in sensory functions like light touch and pinprick sensation in around 50-60% of patients undergoing stem cell therapy. For instance, one study using the HuCNS-SC stem cell line demonstrated reliable sensory improvements in 5 out of 12 patients. Another trial found that 96% of participants regained at least one level of neurological function, including sensory abilities.

• Motor Function: While some studies report improvements in motor function, particularly for incomplete injuries, the evidence is less consistent than for sensory function. Some reports show enhanced motor scores or voluntary muscle activity, yet a meta-analysis combining multiple studies found no significant improvement in motor function scores compared to standard rehabilitation therapy.

• Reduced Severity of SCI: Stem cell therapy has shown a notable reduction in the overall severity of SCI, as measured by the ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) grading, according to a meta-analysis.

2. Enhanced Autonomic Functions

• Bladder Function: Research suggests that stem cell transplantation can significantly reduce residual urine volume and improve bladder control, including sensation and function.

• Gastrointestinal Function: Some studies report improvements in gastrointestinal function, including better defecation sensation and control.

• Other Autonomic Functions: Several individuals have also experienced improvements in sexual function, spasticity, and pain management.

3. Reduction in Inflammation and Enhanced Tissue Repair

• Stem cells, particularly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), secrete anti-inflammatory factors that help modulate the immune response, reducing tissue damage and encouraging tissue repair.

• Additionally, stem cells support angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels), which improves blood circulation to the injured spinal cord, aiding tissue repair and regeneration.

4. Potential for Neural Regeneration and Repair

• Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into various cell types, including neurons and glial cells, which may replace lost neurons and remyelinate damaged axons.

• Stem cells also help create a more favorable environment for axonal growth, enhancing the potential for functional recovery.

Important Considerations

• Limitations of Current Research: Most studies are still in their early stages, involving small sample sizes and sometimes lacking robust control groups. This makes it challenging to draw clear conclusions about the efficacy of stem cell therapy compared to natural recovery or other treatment options.

• Safety: While stem cell therapy is generally considered safe, potential risks include immune rejection, infection, and, in rare cases, tumor formation—especially when using certain cell types like embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

• Timing of Treatment: Research suggests that stem cell therapy may be more effective if administered early in the recovery process, ideally within a few weeks after the injury.

• Combinatorial Approaches: Combining stem cell therapy with rehabilitation and other treatments, such as biomaterial scaffolds or growth factors, may improve overall effectiveness and promote more significant functional recovery.

In summary, while stem cell therapy for SCI holds considerable promise, further studies and clinical trials are essential to establish long-term outcomes and optimize treatment protocols.

Spinal Cord Patient Stories

Ursala Buffy from London came to India for the treatment of spinal injury through stem cell treatment

Hi, I am Ursala, and I was looking for a stem cell treatment for my spinal cord injury. My friend recommended that I should try Viezec Stem Cell Institute.

Mohammed Usama Khan from Haryana – Spinal Cord Injury

I discovered Viezec via an internet search; at the time, I was dealing with immobility. I fell from 70-75 feet above the ground in 2018 and have remained motionless since. When I learned about stem cell therapy from Viezec,

Stepheny Came To India For The Treatment Of a Spinal Cord Injury

Like innumerable other girls, Stepheny dreamt of being a model and actress. However, unlike them, she left wheelchair-bound after a voyage to India in 2005. The American of Indian origin was hospitalized for months, where she glided in and out of a coma whilst struggling for her life.

Tammy Came To India For Spinal Cord Treatment

We were driving home from my 23rd birthday party when the chauffeur took a curve too speedily and lost control of the car. The car twirled around, crushed and landed on its roof. I was sitting in the commuter’s seat and was not wearing a seatbelt.

Read More Spinal Cord Patient Success Stories

Certificate of Analysis for Spinal Cord Patient

With the Viezec Stem Cell Institute team, every patient gets a certified and authentication quantity of stem cells for treatment. Then, before the transplantation procedure, a few portions of blood, bone marrow, and other microorganisms that need treatment are sent to a certified research facility to separate and improve the cells.

Click here to learn more about the therapy.

Follow-up Seen After the Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord

You will be contacted by the staff at Viezec a month, two months, and a half years after your treatment to evaluate your improvement. This allows us to uplift and evaluate our methods. If you need any additional assistance, do not hesitate to ask our friendly customer support service.

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Spinal Cord Happy Patient Video’s

Mohammed Usama Khan from Hyderabad came for Stem Cell Therapy Spinal Cord Injury Treatment.. Watch Video

Reetu Nain from Delhi, Came to Viezec for Stem Cell Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury.. Watch Video

Agaldiviti khaja Mohan Telangana Spinal Cord Injury Treatment by Stem Cell Therapy.. Watch Video

Mr Mariadhass Barnabas I Tamilnandu India I Spinal cord Injury & Motor Neurone Disease.. Watch Video

Agaldiviti khaja Mohan, Attendant Telangana Spinal Cord Injury Treatment.. Watch Video

Spinal Cord Injury Stem Cell Treatment.. Watch Video

Ahead of undergoing this process; a patient needs to understands that stem cell therapy is an experimental therapy that might not work at certain times. At the time of procedure, a patient might be refused the treatment or the proposed protocol might change depending on the patient’s health condition.

At Viezec Stem Cell Institute, our main motive is to give the best technology and safety available; of which has been proven across the globe.

As with any medical treatment, there are no guarantees or claims of cures are made as to the extent of the response to treatment. Every patient has different internal status of body; hence results vary from patient to patient, even with a similar diagnosis. This means that we cannot offer, infer or suggest that there is any certainty of a given outcome. For our any treatment we do not use embryonic or fetal cells.

Mayo Clinic – CELLTOP Phase I Trial

First Report from a Phase 1 Trial of Autologous Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Paralysis Due to Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Authors: Mohamad Bydon, Wenchun Qu, F.M. Moinuddin, et al.

Published: February 2020

Link: Mayo Clinic Stem Cell Therapy for SCI

UC San Diego – Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Study

A First-in-Human, Phase I Study of Neural Stem Cell Transplantation for Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Authors: Curtis E., Martin J.R., Gabel B., et al.

Published: December 2018

Link: UC San Diego Stem Cell Transplantation for SCI

BMC Medicine – Meta-Analysis of 62 Clinical Trials

Clinical Translation of Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury Still Premature: Results from a Single-Arm Meta-Analysis Based on 62 Clinical Trials

Authors: Not specified in the provided information

Published: 2022

Link: BMC Medicine Meta-Analysis on SCI Stem Cell Treatment

Nature Communications – Intrathecal AD-MSC Phase I Trial

Intrathecal Delivery of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Phase I Trial

Authors: Mohamad Bydon, Wenchun Qu, F.M. Moinuddin, et al.

Published: April 2024

Link: Nature Communications Intrathecal AD-MSC Trial

ClinicalTrials.gov – Study NCT03935724

Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury

Study ID: NCT03935724

Status: Active, not recruiting

Link: ClinicalTrials.gov Stem Cell SCI Trial

Neural Stem Cell Institute – Spinal Cord Injury Program

Spinal Cord Injury Program

Institution: Neural Stem Cell Institute

Link: Neural Stem Cell Institute SCI Program

MDPI – Stem Cells Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury

Stem Cells Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury: An Overview of Clinical Trials

Authors: Marina Gazdic, Vladislav Volarevic, C. Randall Harrell, et al.

Published: 2018

Link: MDPI Stem Cells for SCI

Cell Reports Medicine – NSI-566 Phase 1 Study

Long-Term Clinical and Safety Outcomes from a Single-Site Phase 1 Study of Perilesional NSI-566 Implantation in Four Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Authors: Martin J.R., Ciacci J.D., Gabel B.C., et al.

Published: December 2023

Link: Cell Reports Medicine NSI-566 SCI Study

PMC – Clinical Trials of Stem Cell Treatment for SCI

Clinical Trials of Stem Cell Treatment for Spinal Cord Injury

Authors: Not specified

Published: 2019

Link: PMC Stem Cell Treatment for SCI

UC San Diego – Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Study (Alternative Source)

Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Shows Promise for Treating Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Authors: Joseph Ciacci, M.D., Joel Martin, M.D., et al.

Published: December 17, 2024

Link: UC San Diego Neural Stem Cell Study